Electrical Muscle Rehabilitation Apparatus Using a Optocoupler and Mega-Microcontroller

Abstract

Muscle atrophy is a prevalent issue observed in individuals who experience immobility or restricted mobility as a result of accidents or illnesses. Physical therapy and exercise, often employed interventions for muscle atrophy, may occasionally lack applicability. The utilization of muscle electrical stimulation has demonstrated potential as a viable therapeutic option; however, further investigation is important to optimize its effectiveness and ensure its safety.  This study investigates the possible advantages of implementing electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) and explores the utilization of a transformer, optocouplers, and MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) to enhance the efficacy of a high-capacity microcontroller-based EMS device. The issue of malfunctioning power transistors was successfully addressed through the implementation of an optocoupler-MOSFET circuit as a replacement for the power transistor. The findings of this investigation indicate that a direct electrical linkage between the signal-generating circuit and the transformer input is absent. The aforementioned features serve to ensure the safeguarding of the microcontroller circuit, establish electrical isolation between different stages of the system, and enhance the overall reliability of the EMS-designed system. The proposed framework introduces a novel technique that demonstrates a deliberate and considered approach when compared to existing studies in the field.