Health Block: A Blockchain Based Secure Healthcare Data Storage and Retrieval System for Cloud Computing
Main Article Content
Abstract
Data in healthcare domain is highly sensitive in nature. Besides, there is need for maintaining integrity of such data. Blockchain technology has emerged to solve the problem of data integrity and non-repudiation with immutable storage in distributed repository. Thus secure data storage and retrieval in cloud environments is made possible using blockchain implementation. There are many existing healthcare systems with blockchain integration found in the literature. However, there is need for a system that supports complete set of operations that are governed by smart contracts. Another important consideration is that end users should be able to operate healthcare system without the need for knowledge of blockchain technology. Towards this end, in this paper, we proposed a Blockchain based secure healthcare data storage and retrieval system known as HealthBlock for cloud computing environments. We defined smart contract with underlying structures and functions using Solidity language for Ethereum blockchain platform. We also proposed and implemented an algorithm known as Healthcare Transactions over Blockchain (HToB). This algorithm supports secure blockchain based data storage and retrieval governed by smart contracts. Our system is evaluated using user-friendly web based client application. The experimental results showed that our system is able to ensure data integrity and non-repudiation besides reaping all benefits of blockchain technology.
Article Details
References
Esposito, C.; De Santis, A.; Tortora, G.; Chang, H.; Choo, K.-K. R.:. (2018). Blockchain: A Panacea for Healthcare Cloud-Based Data Security and Privacy. IEEE Cloud Computing,. 5(1), pp.31-37. doi:10.1109/mcc.2018.011791712
Theodouli, A., Arakliotis, S., Moschou, K., Votis, K., & Tzovaras, D. (2018). On the Design of a Blockchain-Based System to Facilitate Healthcare Data Sharing. 2018 17th IEEE International Conference On Trust, Security And Privacy In Computing And Communications/ 12th IEEE Intern.1374-1379. DOI 10.1109/TrustCom/BigDataSE.2018.00190
Ngabo, D.; Wang, D.; Iwendi, C.; Henry, J.: (2021). Blockchain-Based Security Mechanism for the Medical Data at Fog Computing Architecture of Internet of Things. Electronics., pp.1-17. [Online].https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172110
Nguyen, D. C., Pathirana, P. N., Ding, M., Seneviratne, A. (2019). Blockchain for Secure EHRs Sharing of Mobile Cloud Based E-Health Systems. IEEE Access. 7(1), pp.66792-66806. doi:10.1109/access.2019.2917555
SUN, J.; YAO,X.; , WANG, S.; WU, Y.:. (2020). Blockchain-Based Secure Storage and Access Scheme For Electronic Medical Records in IPFS. IEEE Access. 8(1), pp.59389-59401 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2982964
Al Omar, A., Bhuiyan, M. Z. A., Basu, A., Kiyomoto, S., & Rahman, M. S. (2019). Privacy-friendly platform for healthcare data in cloud based on blockchain environment. Future Generation Computer Systems. 95(.), pp.511-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.12.044
Shen, M., Deng, Y., Zhu, L., Du, X., Guizani, N. (2019). Privacy-Preserving Image Retrieval for Medical IoT Systems: A Blockchain-Based Approach. IEEE Network. 33(5), pp.27-33. Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/MNET.001.1800503
Kollu, P.K.; Saxena, M.; Phasinam, K.; Kassanuk, T.; Mustafa, M.:. (2021). Blockchain Techniques for Secure Storage of Data in Cloud Environment. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education. 12(11), pp.1515-1522. https://www.turcomat.org/index.php/turkbilmat/article/view/6074/5063
Omar, A.A.; Rahman, M.S.; Basu, A.; Shinsak:. (2017). MediBchain: A Blockchain Based Privacy Preserving Platform for Healthcare Data. Springer International Publishing AG 2017 , pp.534-543.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72395-2_49
Bhaskara S.E.; Ashok ,K.P; Venkata, R.B.; Saraju ,P.M.:. (2020). Fortified-Chain: A Blockchain Based Framework for Security and Privacy Assured Internet of Medical Things with Effective. JOURNAL OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT), pp.1-16. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2021.3058946
Nagasubramanian, G., Sakthivel, R. K., Patan, R., Gandomi, A. H., Sankayya, M.,. (2020). Securing e-health records using keyless signature infrastructure blockchain technology in the cloud. Neural Computing and Applications. 32, pp.639-647. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-018-3915-1
Benil, T., & Jasper, J. (2020). Cloud based security on outsourcing using blockchain in E-health systems. Computer Networks. 178, pp.1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107344
Arul, R.; Yasser D.; Otaibi, A.; Waleed S. Alnumay.; Tariq ,U.:. (2021). Multi-modal secure healthcare data dissemination framework using blockchain in IoMT. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing., pp.1-13.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-021-01527-2
Xia, Q., Sifah, E., Smahi, A., Amofa, S., Zhang, X.:. (2017). BBDS: Blockchain-Based Data Sharing for Electronic Medical Records in Cloud Environments.. Information. 8(44), pp.1-16. doi:10.3390/info8020044
Shen, B., Guo, J., Yang, Y. (2019). MedChain: Efficient Healthcare Data Sharing via Blockchain. Applied Sciences. 9(.), pp.1-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061207
Khatoon, A. (2020). A Blockchain-Based Smart Contract System for Healthcare Management. Electronics. 9(1), pp.1-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010094
Yue, X., Wang, H., Jin, D., Li, M., Jiang, W. (2016). Healthcare Data Gateways: Found Healthcare Intelligence on Blockchain with Novel Privacy Risk Control. Journal of Medical Systems. 40(10), pp.1-8. DOI 10.1007/s10916-016-0574-6
Khatoon, A. (2020). A Blockchain-Based Smart Contract System for Healthcare Management. Electronics. 9(4), pp.1-23. doi:10.3390/electronics9010094
Ramani, V., Kumar, T., Bracken, A., Liyanage, M., & Ylianttila, M. (2018). Secure and Efficient Data Accessibility in Blockchain based Healthcare Systems. 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).1-6, https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.2018.8647221
Mubarakali, A. (2020). Healthcare Services Monitoring in Cloud Using Secure and Robust Healthcare-Based BLOCKCHAIN(SRHB)Approach. Mobile Networks and Applications. 25(4), pp.1330-133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-020-01551-1