Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Mechanisms: A Survey

Abstract

The ability of the kidneys is gradually reduced by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Early identification and characterization are essential to treating and managing chronic renal disease. Because of its expanding patient population, increased likelihood of progressing to renal failure, and dismal outlook for morbidity and death, CKD is an enormous cost of medical care. While many techniques have been employed to identify CKD, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms provide more informative outcomes. Therefore, this study looks at several state-of-the-art ML and DL models for CKD detection. In the total corpus of literature, we also notice a few noteworthy problems that merit additional investigation. Lastly, readers and ML and DL researchers will find our study informative on essential aspects of CKD prediction.