A Comprehensive Survey on Internet of Things for Smart Cities : Applications, Communication Protocols, Network Types and Requirements

Abstract

Rapid population growth in recent decades has made it imperative to find innovative answers to pressing problems in areas like transportation, healthcare, energy, and public works. One of the most interesting technology enablers for meeting these difficulties is the Internet of Things (IoT), which involves the global interconnection of a vast quantity of items equipped with electronics, software, sensors, and network connections. The IoT is a cutting-edge contemporary technology that has the potential to link a wide variety of digital objects to the web, enabling a wide variety of new services within the context of a "smart city". These gadgets come equipped with a wide range of sensing, acting, and processing options. Attractive IoT technology and big data analytics are making smart city plans a reality all around the world. By improving infrastructure and transportation networks, decreasing traffic congestion, managing trash, and enhancing the quality of human life, these services are revolutionizing urban areas. When fully implemented, the IoT will allow for the seamless integration of a wide range of disparate end systems and the open sharing of data for the development of an abundance of digital services. The focus of this essay is on an urban IoT framework, a still-broad category that is yet to be characterized by its particular application domain. Actually, urban IoTs are made to support the Smart municipal concept, which seeks to apply current communication technology to supply extra services to municipal administration and people. This article, therefore, offers a comprehensive analysis of the relevant technologies, protocols, and architecture.