Energy?Efficient 5g/6g Network Design: From Physical?Layer Optimization to Green Radio Access

Abstract

The swift progression of wireless communication technologies towards 5G and the forthcoming 6G networks has markedly escalated energy usage, driven by the necessity for elevated data rates, minimal latency, and extensive device connectivity. This research examines energy-efficient network architecture through the amalgamation of physical-layer optimization methodologies with green radio access network (RAN) tactics. A simulation-based research methodology is employed to assess the efficacy of adaptive modulation and coding, power control mechanisms, and massive MIMO systems, in conjunction with energy-saving strategies such as base station sleep modes, cell zooming, and energy-aware resource allocation. The results show that the suggested methods can save a lot of energy, between 20% and 35%, while keeping network performance (throughput and latency) at above 90%. Frequency and percentage statistics further corroborate the uniformity and dependability of these enhancements across various contexts. The results show that a combined strategy to optimizing energy at both the physical and network levels is necessary for communication systems that are both long-lasting and able to grow. This study offers significant insights for the advancement of ecologically sustainable 5G/6G networks.