A Review on Various Sensors Employed for Detecting Adulterants (Urea and Melamine) in Milk and Milk Products

Abstract

Food safety is a critical concern globally, with increasing incidents of adulteration posing a significant threat to public health. Adulteration involves the addition of unauthorized substances to food products, compromising their quality and safety. The use of advanced sensor technologies for the detection of adulterants has gained prominence in recent years. There are various methods for detecting the urea and melamine used as an adulterant in milk but the use of sensor based technology has made it easy, fast, and accurate detection of food adulterants. A wide variety of biosensing approaches for the detection of urea adulteration in milk have been developed in recent years. This review article presents a comprehensive case study on various sensors used for spotting adulterants - Urea and Melamine,  in milk and milk products, emphasizing their principles, applications, and effectiveness